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Ubuntu InstallationComplete Guide

Complete step-by-step guide to Ubuntu installation – from preparation to production-ready configuration for desktop and server environments.

Ubuntu 24.04 LTSUbuntu ServerLinux InstallationSystem Setup

📋 Contents

💾 Preparation & Download

Ubuntu Versions

🖥️ Ubuntu Desktop

For jobs and development

  • - Graphical user interface (GNOME)
  • - Office applications
  • - Multimedia support
  • - Simple installation

🖧 Ubuntu Server

For server and cloud deployment

  • - Minimal installation
  • - No GUI (optional)
  • - Optimized for server workloads
  • - Containerd, Docker support

📥 Download

Ubuntu 24.04 LTS (Recommended)

Long Term Support until 2034

wget https://releases.ubuntu.com/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso

Ubuntu Server 24.04 LTS

For server installations

wget https://releases.ubuntu.com/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-live-server-amd64.iso

⚠️ System Requirements

Desktop Minimum:
  • - 4 GB RAM
  • - 25 GB storage
  • - 2 GHz Dual-Core processor
  • - DVD drive or USB port
Server Minimum:
  • - 1 GB RAM (2 GB recommended)
  • - 2.5 GB storage
  • - 1 GHz processor
  • - Network connection

🔧 Create Boot Media

💻 Windows (Rufus)

  1. 1
    Download Rufus:https://rufus.ie/
  2. 2
    Insert USB stick (at least 4 GB)
  3. 3
    Start Rufus and select Ubuntu ISO
  4. 4
    Partition scheme: GPT, Target system: UEFI

🐧 Linux (dd)

Identify USB device:

sudo fdisk -l
# USB stick usually /dev/sdb or /dev/sdc

Write ISO to USB:

sudo dd if=ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso of=/dev/sdX bs=4M status=progress
sudo sync

⚠️ Attention: Replace /dev/sdX with the correct USB device!

🖥️ Desktop Installation

Step-by-step installation

1

Boot from USB

Press F12/F2/Del at startup → Boot menu → Select USB

2

Select language

Select German or English

3

Keyboard layout

German (Germany) for German keyboards

4

Network configuration

Set up WLAN or Ethernet for updates

5

Installation type

  • - Normal installation: Complete system
  • - Minimal installation: Base system
  • - Download updates during installation
  • - ✅ Install third-party software

💾 Disk Partitioning

🔰 Easy (recommended for beginners)

Erase hard disk and install Ubuntu – automatic partitioning

🔧 Advanced (Manual Partitioning)

PartitionSizeFile System
/boot/efi512 MBFAT32
/20-50 GBext4
/homeRestext4
swap= RAMswap

🖧 Server Installation

Server-specific Steps

1

Network Configuration

Static IP recommended for servers:

IP: 192.168.1.100
Netmask: 255.255.255.0
Gateway: 192.168.1.1
DNS: 8.8.8.8, 1.1.1.1
2

SSH Server

Install OpenSSH server for remote access

3

Snap Packages

Select Docker, LXD and other services

🔧 Post-Installation (Server)

# Update system sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y # Configure firewall sudo ufw enable sudo ufw allow ssh sudo ufw allow 80/tcp sudo ufw allow 443/tcp # SSH hardening sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config # PermitRootLogin no # PasswordAuthentication no (after SSH keys) # Install Docker (optional) curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com -o get-docker.sh sudo sh get-docker.sh # Add user to docker group sudo usermod -aG docker $USER

⚙️ Post-Installation Setup

🖥️ Desktop optimization

# Update system sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y # Additional software sudo apt install -y \ curl wget git vim \ htop neofetch tree \ software-properties-common # Multimedia Codecs sudo apt install ubuntu-restricted-extras # Flatpak (alternative App source) sudo apt install flatpak sudo flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists \ flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo # GNOME Tweaks sudo apt install gnome-tweaks

🖧 Server Essentials

# Install server tools sudo apt install -y \ htop iotop iftop \ fail2ban ufw \ nginx certbot \ nodejs npm \ python3-pip # Install monitoring tools sudo apt install -y \ netdata prometheus \ grafana # Database (optional) sudo apt install -y \ postgresql postgresql-contrib \ # or mariadb-server # Install backup tools sudo apt install -y \ rsync borgbackup

🔒 Secureheit & Härtung

Essential Security Setup

🔥 Firewall (UFW)

sudo ufw --force reset
sudo ufw default deny incoming
sudo ufw default allow outgoing
sudo ufw allow ssh
sudo ufw enable

🛡️ Fail2Ban (SSH Protection)

sudo apt install fail2ban
sudo systemctl enable fail2ban
sudo systemctl start fail2ban

🔑 SSH Key Authentication

# Auf Client-System:
ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "your_email@example.com"
ssh-copy-id username@server-ip

# Auf Server (nach Key-Test):
sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
# PasswordAuthentication no
sudo systemctl restart ssh

📊 Automatic Updates

sudo apt install unattended-upgrades
sudo dpkg-reconfigure -plow unattended-upgrades

🔧 Troubleshooting

Frequent problems

❌ Boot-Probleme

  • - Check UEFI/Legacy Boot Mode
  • • Secure Boot deaktivieren
  • • Boot-Reihenfolge im BIOS anpassen

📶 WLAN-Probleme

# WLAN-Adapter anzeigen
lspci | grep -i wireless
# oder
lsusb | grep -i wireless

🎮 Grafik-Probleme

# NVIDIA-Treiber
sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall
# oder AMD
sudo apt install amdgpu-pro

🆘 Rescue Modi

GRUB Rescue

ls
set root=(hd0,gpt2)
linux /vmlinuz root=/dev/sda2
initrd /initrd.img
boot

Recovery Mode

# Boot-Menü: Advanced Options
# → Recovery Mode
# → Root Shell
mount -o remount,rw /
# Reparaturen durchführen

✅ best practices

📋 Checklist

📚 Further resources

📖 Ubuntu Server Guide🤝 Ubuntu Community Help❓ Ask Ubuntu (Q&A)🔒 Tavo-IT Security Guide